I feel I must qualify that statement about Japan's cleanliness. Japan is incredibly clean when someone is looking. The residential area of mainly two-storey houses where I live is spotless. A few minutes away is Mejiro Dori, one of the major roads leading out of Tokyo and flanked by warehouses, car showrooms, and large apartment blocks with no close-up prying eyes of neighbours, and the pavements are festooned with litter.