I don't really know all that much about all the suffixes myself, but let me add my two mao (when in Rome, do as the Romans do... or, in this case, the Chinese
) -
-tan, if I remember correctly, is kind of a kid's version of -chan (or -san, was it?... ). At least, I haven't heard of anyone older than ten using it. Naturally, correct me if I'm wrong.
-ue seems to be in a respectful, familial context indicating seniority of age. In simpler English, deep (some might say martial) respect for older family members. eg. father [chichi-ue] 父上、older sister [ane-ue] 姉上. It's probably more towards set phrases rather than a rule (mother [okaa-ue?] お母上 or older brother [onii-ue?] お兄上 just don't sound right to me). Old-time speak and all that.
All this suffix business can be a bit of a headache, and like Elizabeth suggested earlier, it's probably best to stick to the standards (or basics, one might say). After all, in the span of ten seconds you may ask "who is it?" [dochira-sama or donata-sama desu ka] どちら様・何方様ですか followed by "is this mrs. maeda?" [maeda-san desu ka] 前田さんですか ending with "hey, if it isn't chihiro" [nan da, chihiro-chan ja nai] 何だ、千尋ちゃんじゃない?.
(Incidentally, Maeda came about while I was thinking about
Uesugi Kenshin 上杉謙信 from Koei's game
Samurai Warriors 戦国無双. Don't ask.
)