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Racial profiling by the Japanese police

In Fukuoka in the early 70's I was stunned by the fear of police that Japanese people had. Several times I saw grown men crying when the police talked to them. My buddies made it sould like if you were arrested , they beat the crap out of you till you confessed what they wanted to hear. I found out the police raid on my apartment was caused by a bar employee that was arrested named everyone he knew was a drug dealer including me , LOL. When they raided my apartment and saw I was a gaijin in the military , they kind of panicked and left because none of them spoke English. About 2 weeks after the raid , I got a surprise order to go to our base police station where 2 agents from the Japan tax bureau who wanted to know why I had so many bottles of US alcohol in my apartment(black market issue) and I said it was for my going away party. That was the end of it. I thought it was interesting in their questioning , they had the names of about 25 Japanese I worked with and was friends with. They asked me about each one and I would tell them so and so is an upstanding law abiding person and I'm proud to know them.
 
The Mainichi Shimbun followed up on the alleged number of just six racial profiling cases in 2021, delving into the reality of police discrimination by examining specific instances in which foreign residents were the targets of abusive language, body checks, and other unjust actions by authorities. The Tokyo Bar Association conducted a survey between January and February 2022 targeting foreign residents and those with foreign roots. According to the results disclosed in September, of the 2,094 valid responses, 62.9% said police had questioned them in the past five years. Among them, 85.4% said that officers approached them while acknowledging that they were someone with foreign roots based on "physical features" and other factors. Among those who had been questioned, 76.9% believed that there were no other factors than them being "a foreigner or someone with foreign roots" that prompted the police officers to approach them.




Mainichi describes other cases, like the one below from a Muslim woman from South Asia in her 40s:


According to her lawyer, the woman harassed by the man at the park thought the police had come to help her. In reality, the police made her feel helpless that she couldn't receive public support due to her minority status.

More cases in the article below.

 
Three foreign-born residents in Japan from Pakistan, India, and the US have sued Japanese authorities over alleged racial profiling. The plaintiffs say they have suffered distress from repeated police questioning based on their appearances.


Mr Zain, who is a Pakistan-born Japanese citizen, has lived in Japan for two decades, went to school there and is fluent in Japanese. The 26-year-old told a press conference on Monday that he has often been stopped, questioned and searched by police.
Maurice, an African-American who is a permanent resident in Japan, told the newspaper he has also been questioned by "regular Japanese people", including some who have asked if he is overstaying his visa.

In December 2021, the US Embassy in Tokyo warned citizens of "suspected racial profiling" of foreigners by Japanese police. Back then, the NPA spotted "six inappropriate cases of police questioning even though officers had no intention of discrimination based on race or nationality," a senior agency official told parliament in 2022.



Paywall alert:
 
On the occasion of the first lawsuit about police discrimination against foreign-born residents (see the post above), the NYT had a piece on the police practice in Japan:

In Japan, racial profiling has become a contentious issue as the nation grapples with an influx of migrant workers, foreign residents, and mixed-race Japanese individuals. These demographic shifts challenge Japan's traditionally homogenous society and expose deep-rooted suspicions toward outsiders.

With an ageing population and persistently low birth rates, Japan has been compelled to reevaluate its stringent immigration policies. As more migrant workers arrive, performing tasks such as cleaning hotel rooms, staffing convenience store registers, or working in fast-food establishments, they hail from countries like Vietnam, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka.

However, social attitudes toward foreign-born residents have been slow to adapt. In a significant development, three individuals filed a lawsuit against the Japanese government and local authorities in Tokyo and Aichi prefecture in January. Their grievance centres on the conduct of the police forces, alleging that they were frequently subjected to random stops and searches based on their racial appearance. This legal case marks the first time in Japan that officers' reliance on racial profiling during policing has been challenged. Despite this, the issue remains largely unrecognized by the Japanese public, highlighting the need for greater awareness and systemic change.





 
The opening of a civil lawsuit (see posts 30, 31 above) yesterday saw plaintiffs emotionally recount their experiences of being repeatedly stopped and interrogated by Japanese police, which they argue was unjustified. Three individuals residing in Japan, who have roots in other countries including one American, initiated the lawsuit in January. They allege that such actions by the police amount to discrimination and infringe upon their human rights.



Photo credit: AP/Yuri Kageyama

Despite Japan lacking specific legislation against discrimination or racial profiling, the authorities and police force reject any claims of discriminatory practices, asserting that their actions are part of standard law enforcement duties. The police's detailed defence is anticipated to be presented at the upcoming court session in July, with a final decision expected to be made in roughly one year.




 
Even though Fukuoka was a military town because of the near by base , we were very often stopped by the police to show our military ID card. At the time , without a mustache , I looked about 12 years old , LOL. They often commented that I must be a military member's kid , LOL.
 
In a recent interview with The Mainichi, a former police inspector in a West Japan prefecture disclosed that there was persistent and systematic racial profiling within the force. Senior officers allegedly ordered officers to target foreigners for questioning, conduct ID checks, and perform searches. Taro Yamada (a pseudonym), who served in the local policing section for over ten years, revealed that the order originated from the criminal investigation division. During a specific "cracking down on foreigners" month, officers were instructed to intensify their efforts in checking foreign resident registration cards and searching foreigners for drugs, knives, or other illegal items.




 
Residents of foreign heritage, along with naturalised Japanese, have begun raising concerns about being racially profiled by the police, with some considering pursuing legal action. As the broader public appears largely indifferent to the issue, supporters of these efforts have cautioned that any significant change may take time. Although surveys have long pointed to instances of racial profiling—where individuals are questioned by authorities based on appearance or presumed ethnicity—the matter has only recently become a topic of open discussion.


Photo credit: Kyodo


One such case involves Zain Syed, a 27-year-old naturalised Japanese citizen of Pakistani descent (his case was mentioned in this thread), who said he had been stopped by police at least 15 times. He reportedly questioned officers about the reasons for stopping him, but they told him he was not being treated any differently from others. As Syed believed he was stopped because of his ethnicity, he decided to join a lawsuit.

He explained that he was not arguing against police questioning individuals regardless of their origin, but he wanted to understand the reasoning behind such actions. By pursuing legal action, he hoped to push the government to take measures against discriminatory policing. Syed, who lives near Nagoya and is self-employed, became one of three plaintiffs in a civil lawsuit filed in January 2024. The suit brought against the Aichi Prefectural Police, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police, and the national government seeks ¥3.3 million (approximately $22,850) in damages for each individual.



 
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