Let's consider it without hodo first. 言葉にならないの想い may describe a fact, and it is absolute - thoughts/feelings that cannot be put into word.
言葉にならないほどの想い adds an additional dimension - feelings so much something, to the extent that they/I cannot (be) put them into words. ほど implies some adjectival quality - to be something to the extent that... .
"I wonder just how well I can convey my feeling for you I can't even put into words."
Notice that the English "even" implies some adjective as well. Why can't he even put them into words - because those feelings for her are so...?
Another example from the ShinWaEiDaijiten:
「その町には公園と呼べるほどの施設はない」 - "There is no facility in that town worth calling a park."
Note that the word "worth" from the translation does not appear anywhere in the Japanese sentence - it is the quality implied by hodo. You can avoid adding "worth" at the cost of making it sound a bit clumsy in English: "In the town, there is no facility (of) such (quality) that it can even be called a park."