Yes, the box lid says "36 Immortal Poets"
As I think you guessed, the writing is an attempt to read the poems that are painted on the scroll. Since the calligraphy on the scroll is rather hard to read, and uses some characters that are out of use today, it is quite hard for most people to read these.
The two poems are
Priest Kisen Poem #8 of the One Hundred Poems (Hyakunin Isshu)
我が庵は wa ga io wa
都のたつみ miyako no tatsumi
しかぞすむ shika zo sumu
よをうぢ山と yo wo Ujiyama to
人はいふなり hito wa iu nari
My own home is a retreat laying southeast of the capital, where I can hide from the troubles of this world.
Buddhist High Priest Henjo
浅みとり asa midori
いとよりかけて ito yori kakete
白露を shiratsuyu wo
当麻(たま)よりぬける tama yori nukeru
春の柳か haru no yanagi ka
Along slender threads of delicate twisted green, translucent dewdrops strung as small fragile jewels, new willow webs in spring.