Sales of electric vehicles have slowed in North America, with hybrid cars growing. But Nissan focused on EVs over hybrids. Its miscalculations stem from a management culture that has stuck with the company since the Carlos Ghosn era, when the company underwent a top-down cost-cutting overhaul. Ghosn became Nissan's CEO in 2001 and later took the title of chairman. He was fired from the company in 2018 over allegations of financial misconduct. But many senior executives from that era remain. Critics say some in Nissan's workforce remain reluctant to propose improvements directly to their superiors. Some observers also say decision-making has become slower since the chief operating officer post became vacant in 2023.