With this influx has come a rise in previously unforeseen issues, such as graffiti and sticker vandalism on utility poles, as well as noisy gatherings on the streets at night and vehicles without snow tires. Officials said the new penalty is intended to warn and discourage tourists' disruptive behavior rather than immediately impose strict fines. Hakuba is not alone in adopting community behavior regulations to maintain public order and safety. According to the Research Institute for Local Government, 20 municipalities across the country have enacted similar ordinances, with penalties in place for areas that include Fukuoka, Kyoto and Tokyo's Ota Ward.