If that estimate holds true, it will be the first time since 1933 that the number falls below 500,000. In 1933, Japan's population was roughly half what it is today and people were marrying younger at an average age of 25 -- about 5 years younger than first marriages today. [...] A new bill expanding measures to reverse the country's declining birthrate includes enhanced child allowances and child care leave benefits, and will cost 3.6 trillion yen (about $24 billion) per year as of fiscal 2026. Officials emphasized the size of the bill puts Japan on par with Sweden, which is near the top of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's rankings in terms of public spending per child as a percentage of gross domestic product.