Exercises in Genki

Toritoribe said:

That's understandable, but I would use other expressions like ひまなことが多い or しょっちゅうひまだ also here.

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The adverb しょっちゅう and こと to treat a noun like an adjective are both intresting and I look forward to learning about こと when I come across it in my texbook studies. Thankyou for the vocab Toritoribe-sensei.

8->3->B->picture B

The Genki vocab app lists all the vocab in alphabetical order. This function of the app is very useful indeed. When the aim is to get through the exercises looking up unknown vocab in this way is fast and easy.

１） にほん
Q：ここは日本ですか。
Is that Japan?
A：ええ、日本だと思います。／いいえ、日本じゃないと思います。
Yes that is Japan./No that's not Japan.

２）ゆうめい ところ
Q：有名な所ですか。
Is that place famous?
A：ええ、有名な所だと思います。／いいえ、有名な所じゃないと思います。
Yes it is/No it is not.

３）くうき
Q：空気はきれいですか。
Is the air clean there?
A：ええ、きれいだと思います。
Yes it is

４）あつ
Q：暑いですか。
Is it hot?
A：ええ、暑いと思います。／いいえ、暑くないと思います。

５）ふゆ さむ
Q：冬は寒いですか。
Are the winters cold there?
A：ええ、寒いと思います。／いいえ、寒くないと思います。
They are./They are not.

６）ひと す
Q：人がたくさん住んでいますか。
Are many people living there.
A：ええ、たくさん住んでいると思います。／いいえ、ちょっと住んでいると思います。
Yes, there are many living there／No, there are not many living there.

I found two things tough about 6. First was what to omitt from the responce but I think the way I did it is OK. Secondly, I could not negate たくさん住んでいると思います. to use いない would change the meaning to 'a lot of people are not living there at the moment' unless I am mistaken.

７） ひと およ
Q：ここの人は、よく泳ぎますか。
The people there, do they swim a lot?
A：ええ、よく泳ぐと思います。／いいえ、ときどき泳ぐと思います。
Yes, they do./No they do not.

I think よく泳がないと思います。 means ' I think they not-swim a lot' which is a poor answer to the question. Also I responding to a question by repeating it back in the negative blunt here? as jt_ put it awfully direct.

８）なつ あめ ふ
Q：夏によく雨が降りますか。
Does it rain a lot in the summer there?
A：ええ、雨が降ると思います。／いいえ、雨が降らないと思います。
It does rain a lot.／No it does not.

seaDonkey said:

Q：ここは日本ですか。
Is that Japan?
A：ええ、日本だと思います。／いいえ、日本じゃないと思います。
Yes that is Japan./No that's not Japan.

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Grammatically, the Japanese answers are fine, but please note that ここは日本ですか？ means "Is this place (i.e. where we are now, or that I'm pointing to on a map) Japan."

Q：有名な所ですか。

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Is that place famous?
A：ええ、有名な所だと思います。／いいえ、有名な所じゃないと思います。
Yes it is/No it is not.[/quote]
These answers are fine. Note that you could also drop 所 and just make it 有名だと思います／有名じゃないと思います。

Q：空気はきれいですか。
Is the air clean there?
A：ええ、きれいだと思います。
Yes it is

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Is there not supposed to be a negative answer here?

Q：人がたくさん住んでいますか。
Are many people living there.
A：ええ、たくさん住んでいると思います。／いいえ、ちょっと住んでいると思います。
Yes, there are many living there／No, there are not many living there.
I found two things tough about 6. First was what to omitt from the responce but I think the way I did it is OK. Secondly, I could not negate たくさん住んでいると思います. to use いない would change the meaning to 'a lot of people are not living there at the moment' unless I am mistaken.

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「ちょっと住んでいる」 doesn't really work as a negative answer to たくさん住んでいますか？ (In this context, ちょっと also sounds like it's referring to a duration or degree rather than number.) I'm assuming you haven't learned the しか～ない construction yet? In that case, あまり+negative verb can also serve as the opposite of たくさん+affirmative verb, just like it did as the opposite of よく+affirmative verb.

Q：ここの人は、よく泳ぎますか。
The people there, do they swim a lot?
A：ええ、よく泳ぐと思います。／いいえ、ときどき泳ぐと思います。
Yes, they do./No they do not.

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As above, 時々泳ぐ doesn't sound like a negative answer to the question. You need something like たまにしか泳がない (if you've learned it) or あまり泳がない..

I think よく泳がないと思います。 means ' I think they not-swim a lot' which is a poor answer to the question. Also I responding to a question by repeating it back in the negative blunt here? as jt_ put it awfully direct.

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It's not the negative itself that's blunt, and besides, the と思います softens it. I wasn't trying to suggest that you not use the negative at all. (In fact, if you don't use it here, it seems not to be answering the question, as I mentioned above.) What I was referring to before is the directness of statements like "So-and-so is a bad teacher." This is the kind of statement that would probably be softened in Japanese, except perhaps in very blunt/direct conversation among close friends. There's nothing wrong or rude about using a negative verb to say people in a certain town don't swim much.

Q：夏によく雨が降りますか。
Does it rain a lot in the summer there?
A：ええ、雨が降ると思います。／いいえ、雨が降らないと思います。
It does rain a lot.／No it does not.

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Repeating 雨が in the the responses is unnecessary, and feels a bit awkward. Please note that you're missing the nuance of "a lot"/"not often" from your responses. 夏に in the question would also be better as 夏は or 夏には.

Buntaro said:

朝起きる時、新聞を読みます。

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Bun taro-san! Please help me understand!
Should it be 起きた時?
I understand simple present verb with 時refers to the time the action is not completed or before it is done and simple past verb with 時 refers to completion of action.

Examples:
日本へ行くとき、カメラを買いました。(before or on the way)
日本へ行ったとき、カメラを買いました。(after arrival)
今朝友達に会ったとき、「おはようございます」と言いました。(not 会う時)

Healer,

It has always been my understanding that 'present tense' ～～する時 is always paired with present tense ～～します, and that 'past tense' ～～した時 is always paired with past tense ～～しました。

For example

日本へ行くとき、カメラを買います。
I buy a camera when I go to Japan.

and

日本へ行ったとき、カメラを買いました。
I bought a camera when I went to Japan.

Similarly,

朝友達に会う時、「おはようございます」と言います。
I say 'hello' when I meet my friends in the morning.

and

今朝友達に会った時、「おはようございます」と言いました。
I said 'hello' when I met my friends this morning.

I have never thought about which action has been completed and which action has not been completed when choosing to say ～～する時 or ～～した時, I just pair present-with-present and past-with-past.

But I am not a native speaker of Japanese, so I would not guarantee that I am right. Let's see what other people say.

This is a very useful bit of grammer. it seems short form plus 時 is exclusively used in the habitual sense whereas to refer to a time a specific action took place short past must be used. I was never quite sure about short present and habitual sense. Buntaro, Genki teaches masu form can be habitual or a planned/likely to happen action. Can short forms be described in this way or are there differences?

I should add when used as a predicate as short form seems to have a lot more uses than masu form.

healer said:

Should it be 起きた時?

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Yes, you are correct. It should be 起きた時 because the temporal order of the two actions is 朝起きる --> 新聞を読む.

healer said:

I understand simple present verb with 時refers to the time the action is not completed or before it is done and simple past verb with 時 refers to completion of action.

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Actually, it's not that simple. For example, in the example sentences below, the present and past form are both valid, and the meaning is the same.

日本にいるとき、カメラを買いました。
日本にいたとき、カメラを買いました。

今朝友達と会っているとき、地震が起きました。
今朝友達と会っていたとき、地震が起きました。

Please refer to the following post for the explanation in detail.

seaDonkey said:

Genki teaches masu form can be habitual or a planned/likely to happen action. Can short forms be described in this way or are there differences?

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There is no difference between short forms and -masu forms(polite forms) as a predicate in meaning. The only difference is the level of politeness. There are cases where short forms are more common, for example 今朝友達に会ったとき vs. 会いましたとき. This is because 会いましたとき sounds ultra polite, but 会いましたとき is not grammatically wrong. It's just these expressions are rarely used in daily conversations. In fact, you can find many examples of 会いましたとき or a more polite/respectful version お会いいたしましたとき by google search.

seaDonkey said:

I should add when used as a predicate as short form seems to have a lot more uses than masu form.

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It's just because you didn't come across those examples. Polite forms are quite commonly used, or more likely necessary to be used in formal situations.

Toritoribe said:

"I took a bath, and rested in the bath"

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Unlike ながら, I understand verb of てform is always done and finished before the main verb that follows. Was that what you meant?

The bath-taking is finished before the rest in the bath? That is bath-taking and rest in the bath is not done simultaneously.

With the cause and effect situation, the てform would be the cause and the verb that follows would be the effect. Right?
By the way, verbs of -たりform after 連用形can take place in any order and action of some verbs might not happen at all. Am I correct?

I think the point is with the the 'took a bath' sentence is not at all ambiguous.

I went to kyoto and visited a shrine.
京都に行って、神社に行きました。
I think these actions have a cause and effect relationship and overlap in time.

I saw my son taking cookies but did not scold him.
息子がクッキーを持つのを見て、叱らなかった。
I think this is a negative cause and effect. I am sure we can use が as well as te form here to mean 'but'

Thankyou everyone for taking time to discuss grammer points

healer said:

Unlike ながら, I understand verb of てform is always done and finished before the main verb that follows.

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It's not always so. It totally depends on the type of the verb.
e.g.
テレビを見ていて、涙が出てきた。

In the example above, 見ていて expresses "during watching TV" as same as テレビを見ているとき because 見ている is an on-going action.

healer said:

The bath-taking is finished before the rest in the bath? That is bath-taking and rest in the bath is not done simultaneously.

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おふろに入って can express "entered in the bathtub, and is still there". That's why おふろに入って、休みました。 can mean "I took/entered in the bath, and rested in the bath".

healer said:

With the cause and effect situation, the てform would be the cause and the verb that follows would be the effect. Right?

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Right.

healer said:

verbs of -たりform after 連用形can take place in any order

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Are you referring to テレビを見たり本を読んだり vs. 本を読んだりテレビを見たり? If so, mostly yes (except a kind of set expressions such like 行ったり来たり, 飛んだり跳ねたり or 降ったり止んだり).

healer said:

action of some verbs might not happen at all.

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Are you confusing ～たり with ～しなかったり, by any chance?

seaDonkey said:

I went to kyoto and visited a shrine.
京都に行って、神社に行きました。
I think these actions have a cause and effect relationship and overlap in time.

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It's more likely just "A then B", not "cause and effect", as in your English translation. It doesn't mean "because I went to Kyoto, I visited a shrine", right? For instance, 風邪をひいて、学校を休みました is an example "cause and effect".

seaDonkey said:

I saw my son taking cookies but did not scold him.
息子がクッキーを持つのを見て、叱らなかった。
I think this is a negative cause and effect. I am sure we can use が as well as te form here to mean 'but'

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It should be 息子がクッキーを持っていくのを見ても、叱らなかった。 for "but". 見て is interpreted just "and" there.

Toritoribe said:

Polite forms are quite commonly used, or more likely necessary to be used in formal situations.

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So short and polite forms are mostly interchangable in grammer terms.
日本語はいつも便利ですね。
I will keep an eye out for usage of polite forms outside of being the predicate. Thank you for your patience in correcting my wrong examples.

Yes, but note that there are cases where polite forms can't be used even in polite sentences, as you would already learn in Genki.

○雨が降ると思います。
×雨が降りますと思います。

○料理をするのが好きです。
×料理をしますのが好きです。

○電話をしている人は田中さんです。
×電話をしています人は田中さんです。

○明日山に登るつもりです。
×明日山に登りますつもりです。

○息子がクッキーを持っていくのを見ました。
×息子がクッキーを持っていきますのを見ました。

However, there also are cases where polite forms are necessary even in subordinate clauses.

○京都に行きましたが、神社には行きませんでした。
×京都に行ったが、神社には行きませんでした。

Toritoribe said:

テレビを見ていて、涙が出てきた。

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I suppose the rule only applies to non-いるform.

Toritoribe said:

おふろに入って can express "entered in the bathtub, and is still there".

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Doyou think おふろに入ってfor clarity and certainty should be おふろに入っていて?
That is おふろに入っていて、休みました。

Toritoribe said:

Are you referring to テレビを見たり本を読んだり vs. 本を読んだりテレビを見たり?

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I'm not referring to the order in writing but the order of action which might not have to match that in writing.

Toritoribe said:

飛んだり跳ねたり or 降ったり止んだり

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What do they mean? I can't find them in my dictionary?

Toritoribe said:

Are you confusing ～たり with ～しなかったり, by any chance?

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I had supposed it means doing this and that or similar which could be not exactly the same as what is described.

Toritoribe said:

for "but". 見て is interpreted just "and" there.

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Do you mean that 見てdoes not mean "see" but "and"?

healer said:

I suppose the rule only applies to non-いるform.

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No.

healer said:

Doyou think おふろに入ってfor clarity and certainty should be おふろに入っていて?
That is おふろに入っていて、休みました。

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No, I don't think so. Indeed お風呂に入っていて can be used in that meaning, but お風呂に入っていて、休みました sounds awkward. お風呂に入っていて、寝てしまいました is OK, though.

お風呂に入って can mean "entered in the bathtub, and is still there". The point is that お風呂に入る can refer to both "to enter the bathroom/bathtub (and still there)" and the whole process of taking bath (to enter the bathroom, wash one's body, and go out from the bathroom). See the following examples.

1. お風呂に入って、体を洗いました。
2. お風呂に入って、友達の家に行きました。

The subject was no doubt still in the bathroom when washing their body in #1, but they obviously had already gone out from the bathroom when they went to their friend's home in #2, right? お風呂に入って、休みました is ambiguous because the two different interpretations are possible, as I already pointed out.

It's similar to the case 3; 家に帰るとき or 昼ご飯を食べる時 in the post I linked in my previous post.

healer said:

I'm not referring to the order in writing but the order of action which might not have to match that in writing.

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Yes, but it would be more common to be written in the temporal order of the events.

healer said:

What do they mean? I can't find them in my dictionary?

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healer said:

Do you mean that 見てdoes not mean "see" but "and"?

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I mean the -te form is the resultative conjunction "and", not the adversative conjunction "but", in that sentence. Even if "just" could be confusing with "only" there, not "simply", I believe what I mean is clear from the context. Do you really think that 見て can only mean "and" even though it's a verb?