The Japanese population has been declining for 16 consecutive years since its peak in 2009, with the decrease reaching a record high for the fourth consecutive year. On the other hand, the foreign resident population has increased for three consecutive years. Although it temporarily declined during the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been growing by more than 10% annually since 2023. The combined total of Japanese and foreign residents was 124,330,690, a decrease of 554,485 (0.44%) compared to the previous year. The census shows that the accelerating decline of the Japanese population continues to be offset by the equally accelerating increase in the foreign resident population. In the past year, the number of Japanese children born was 687,689, a decrease of 41,678 from the previous year, marking a record low.