It has something to do with
風水 feng shui. The colorful squares in the left side would be a sketch of a house, and the kanji around it refer to directions. For exmple, 子, 卯, 午 and 酉 means north, east, south and west, respectively. Also, there are the five elements 木火土金水 (wood, fire, earth, metal and water) outside of them.
The long sentences in the corner mentions the physiognomy of a house.
The owner of the house would be Tokui Suezō in Takibe village, Minamiazumi district, Nagano prefecture, and it's written by Endō Yoshiaki in Rikugō village, Kitaazumi district, Nagano prefecture in a day in January, 1884.