Which political parties did they belong to?
Here is a list of Japanese Prime Ministers since the Meiji Period along with the political parties they belonged to during their tenure:
1. Hirobumi Ito (1885-1888) - Independent
2. Kiyotaka Kuroda (1888-1889) - Independent
3. Aritomo Yamagata (1889-1891) - Independent
4. Masayoshi Matsukata (1891-1892) - Independent
5. Hirobumi Ito (1892-1896) - Independent
6. Shigenobu Okuma (1898-1898) - Constitutional Progressive Party
7. Hirobumi Ito (1898-1900) - Independent
8.
Taro Katsura (1901-1906) - Independent
9. Saionji Kinmochi (1906-1908) - Rikken Seiyukai (Friends of Constitutional Government)
10. Taro Katsura (1908-1911) - Independent
11. Saionji Kinmochi (1911-1912) - Rikken Seiyukai
12. Taro Katsura (1912-1913) - Independent
13. Gonnohyoe Yamamoto (1913-1914) - Independent
14. Shigenobu Okuma (1914-1916) - Kenseikai (Constitutional Association Party)
15. Terauchi Masatake (1916-1918) - Military
16. Hara Takashi (1918-1921) - Rikken Seiyukai
17. Takashi Hara (1921-1922) - Rikken Seiyukai
18. Korekiyo Takahashi (1922-1923) - Rikken Seiyukai
19. Keigo Kiyoura (1924-1926) - Rikken Seiyukai
20. Wakatsuki Reijiro (1926-1927) - Rikken Seiyukai
21. Giichi Tanaka (1927-1929) - Rikken Seiyukai
22. Osachi Hamaguchi (1929-1931) - Rikken Minseito (Constitutional Democratic Party)
23. Reijiro Wakatsuki (1931-1931) - Rikken Minseito
24. Tsuyoshi Inukai (1931-1932) - Rikken Minseito
25. Makoto Saito (1932-1934) - Rikken Minseito
26. Keisuke Okada (1934-1936) - Rikken Minseito
27. Koki Hirota (1936-1937) - Independent
28. Senjuro Hayashi (1937-1939) - Military
29. Fumimaro Konoe (1937-1939) - Independent
30. Kiichiro Hiranuma (1939-1940) - Independent
31. Nobuyuki Abe (1940-1941) - Independent
32. Mitsumasa Yonai (1940-1940) - Independent
33. Hideki Tojo (1941-1944) - Military
34. Kuniaki Koiso (1944-1945) - Military
35. Kantaro Suzuki (1945-1945) - Independent
36. Naruhiko Higashikuni (1945-1945) - Independent
37. Kijuro Shidehara (1945-1946) - Rikken Minseito
38. Shigeru Yoshida (1946-1947) - Liberal Party
39. Tetsu Katayama (1947-1947) - Japan Socialist Party
40. Hitoshi Ashida (1948-1948) - Japan Socialist Party
41. Shigeru Yoshida (1948-1954) - Liberal Party
42. Ichiro Hatoyama (1954-1956) - Liberal Democratic Party
43. Tanzan Ishibashi (1956-1957) - Liberal Democratic Party
44. Nobusuke Kishi (1957-1960) - Liberal Democratic Party
45. Hayato Ikeda (1960-1964) - Liberal Democratic Party
46. Eisaku Sato (1964-1972) - Liberal Democratic Party
47. Kakuei Tanaka (1972-1974) - Liberal Democratic Party
48. Takeo Miki (1974-1976) - Liberal Democratic Party
49. Takeo Fukuda (1976-1978) - Liberal Democratic Party
50. Masayoshi Ohira (1978-1980) - Liberal Democratic Party
51. Zenko Suzuki (1980-1982) - Liberal Democratic Party
52. Yasuhiro Nakasone (1982-1987) - Liberal Democratic Party
53. Noboru Takeshita (1987-1989) - Liberal Democratic Party
54. Sosuke Uno (1989-1989) - Liberal Democratic Party
55. Toshiki Kaifu (1989-1991) - Liberal Democratic Party
56. Kiichi Miyazawa (1991-1993) - Liberal Democratic Party
57. Morihiro Hosokawa (1993-1994) - Japan New Party
58. Tsutomu Hata (1994-1994) - Japan Renewal Party
59. Tomiichi Murayama (1994-1996) - Japan Socialist Party
60. Ryutaro Hashimoto (1996-1998) - Liberal Democratic Party
61. Keizo Obuchi (1998-2000) - Liberal Democratic Party
62. Yoshiro Mori (2000-2001) - Liberal Democratic Party
63. Junichiro Koizumi (2001-2006) - Liberal Democratic Party
64. Shinzo Abe (2006-2007) - Liberal Democratic Party
65. Yasuo Fukuda (2007-2008) - Liberal Democratic Party
66. Taro Aso (2008-2009) - Liberal Democratic Party
67. Yukio Hatoyama (2009-2010) - Democratic Party of Japan
68. Naoto Kan (2010-2011) - Democratic Party of Japan
69. Yoshihiko Noda (2011-2012) - Democratic Party of Japan
70. Shinzo Abe (2012-2020) - Liberal Democratic Party
71. Yoshihide Suga (2020-2021) - Liberal Democratic Party
72. Fumio Kishida (2021-present) - Liberal Democratic Party
These are the political parties to which the Japanese Prime Ministers belonged during their respective tenures.