Osaka climbed two spots to 35th, driven by improvements in accessibility and livability ahead of the 2025 World Expo, along with significant gains in international travel indicators, according to the report. Fukuoka remained steady at 42nd. The 2024 rankings evaluated 48 cities across six criteria — economy, research and development, cultural interaction, livability, environment, and accessibility. Recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced international mobility, corporate activity, and work styles, the report said.