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Particles =O

Tomii515

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ok, particles are getting a little confusing. I'm going to list all the particles I know, and list what i think they do. Please correct me if I'm wrong with the meaning, or if it's not a particle. If i miss any i should know, please add it! Thank you!
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wa = topic particle, you use it when there is a pronoun in the subject.
ga = topic particle, the same as "wa" only when there isn't a pronoun.
(by the way, can "wa" and "ga" be in the same sentence? if so, how does that work out?)
o/wo = object particle, comes after the object
ni = (I'm not really sure what "ni" does, but I'll take a guess)Time, dates, in or at somewhere.(please give me more things "ni" can do, if there is)
de = Moving particle, telling that you are doing something
ka = Interrogative particle, makes questions
mo = Means "too" or "also"; replaces "wa" to say "too" or "also"
yo = Exclamation, makes you yell, i guess. makes it more existing
e = Directional, to saying you are going somewhere; EXAMPLE: Tokyo e ikimasu desu.
no = Possessive particle, show position; ...'s
ya = Such things as...; and...and...
 
to shows a complete list, while ya shows an incomplete list (there's too many to list or you can't be bothered to say all of the things that are there)

To put it really briefly ni marks the indirect object.

ga and wa don't depend on pronouns. Search the archives for some threads explaining the differences.

de is 'with' (as in wrote with a pencil) or 'at'

remember that e is really へ when it is a particle
 
I have a Japanese grammar reference which lists, I seem to recall, approximately 11 different functions for "ni".
 
There are lots of other uses for ni and de, but basically both ni and de can be used to indicate where or when something took place.

You use de after a location when something happened there.

You use ni to indicated when something happened or a location if nothing actually happened there - e.g. just being there or going there.

You use he (pronounced e) instead of ni to indicate location of where you're going to and is often used when you used ni previously in the same sentence.

For example

学校で日本語を勉強しました。gakkou DE nihongo wo benkyou shimashita (DE indicates the location an action - studying - took place)
今学校にいます。ima gakkou NI imasu (NI indicates the location where nothing happened)
学校に行きました。gakkou NI ikimashita (NI indicates the location where you're going to)
10時に学校へ行きました。jyuu-ji NI gakkou he ikimashita. (NI indicates when you're doing something and HE indicates location)

The whole wa and ga thing still confuses me so I won't try to explain. I think you've got the jist of the other ones you listed.
 
GA presents information - while HA marks the subject of a sentence. Ive never used HA used to present information, but GA can as well as mark the subject of a sentence.

Eigo ga hanasemasu. - English is the language I can speak (watashi ha omitted)
John-san ga nihon ni ikimasu. - John is the one who is going to Japan

I just look at GA as marking new information (in response to a question or observation), or presenting an item in relation to the subject of a sentence.
 

thats a really great rundown of the whole "で" & "に" usage. i have to admit that i still get them confused. but having put it like that, i can see a more useful pattern to remember their usage by.

thanks
 
Kawa ni oyogu = swim into the river

Kawa de oyogu = swim (while) in the river

kawa e oyogu = swim towards the river
 
yorkii said:
that's a really great rundown of the whole "で" & "に" usage. i have to admit that i still get them confused. but having put it like that, i can see a more useful pattern to remember their usage by.
thanks
学校へ行きました and 10時に学校に行きました。are both fine as well.

ポストで「に」と「で」の使い方の違いについて聞きました。
または。。。ポストに「「に」と「で」ではどう違うのか」という質問を書きました。

私にとっても、はっきりした違いを説明するのが難しいけど。
 
Buntaro said:
Kawa de oyogu = swim (while) in the river
I would read this as Swim at the river.
たとえば、
今日私達は泳ぎに行きました。
まじ?! どこどこ?行きたかった。
うん、簡単川で泳ぎました。
Today we went to swim.
Really? where where? I wanted to go.
Yep, we swam at Easy River. (Random fake name)
Not sure if that is completely correct but seeing de used a lot for specifying at a location. That's just how I would interpret the reading.
 
Swam in the river - 川で泳ぎました or 川(へ、に)泳ぎに行きました。(Go to be implied)
Swam at a properly named river - Name 川で泳ぎました
 
そして、この場合、での使い方は答えによるですか。
私の恋人は二つの文を使うのが大丈夫が、言うのが欲しいによるですと言った。
英語ではこの文のタイプが違いと思いますか。
例えば:
Where did you go? I went swimming in(at) ~River.
What did you do today? I was swimming in ~River.
私には二つの英語と日本語は質問によると思います。
所だけについてを聞きますなら、たぶん「で」の「AT」を使用するはずです。

i hope that made sense.
 
Last edited:
There are many that you would want to add. The ones that you have up there are probably the first ones that beginners encounter. The below is from wikipedia:

* 格助詞

体言につき、文の中での意味関係(格)を表す。「が」「を」「に」など。

* 終助詞

文や句の末尾について疑問・禁止・感動などの意味を付け加えるもの。「な」「か」「ぞ」「よ」など。

* 間投助詞

文節末尾について語調を整えたり感動などの意味を付け加えるもの。「な」「ね」「さ」など。

* 副助詞

体言や副詞につき全体として副詞的に働く。「ほど」「など」「ずつ」など。

* 係助詞

ついた語に意味を添えて強調するもの。述語と呼応することもある(古典語では係り結びがあり、現代語では「しか」が否定形に呼応)。「は」「も」「しか」など。

* 接続助詞

文と文の意味関係を表して接続するもの。「が」「のに」「から」など
 

どこで泳ぎましたか?
川で泳ぎました。
In this case the place is where one swam.
To indicate the place where a certain activity was made,
particle で is used.

どこに泳ぎに行きましたか?
川に泳ぎに行きました。
Here the place is not where you swam but where you went. (Swimming is just a purpose.)
Here に is used to indicate the destination.

Damicci さんのいいたいことは、たぶんこういうことかな...?
 
私には理解出来る文章ですよ。
私の返事はそれに言いたかったこととは合うかあ。

その「川」は周知の川かリゾート、海岸のような川について話しているなら、[at the ~River]がいいでしょう。普通の川の場合は [in the ~river]でいいです。
 
私の恋人は二つの文を使うのが大丈夫が、言うのが欲しいによるですと言った。
I could surmise a correction on this one, but I don't think I understand it well enough as is to trust myself... So if no one objects too strongly probably I will still try it later on...

英語ではこの文のタイプが違いと思いますか。
英語ではこの文章のタイプが違う(または、タイプの違いがある)と思いますか?

私には二つの英語と日本語は質問によると思います。
私には英語でも日本語でも二つの質問によると思います ?

所だけについてを聞きますなら、たぶん「で」の「AT」を使用するはずです。
場所だけについて聞くなら、多分「で」の [AT] を使うはずです。
 
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