The number of visitors to Japan from Malaysia and Indonesia―both with large Muslim populations―reached around 840,000 in 2023, doubling from a decade ago, according to the Japan National Tourism Organization. A study by Hirofumi Tanada, a professor emeritus at Waseda University, estimates Japan's Muslim population stands at 350,000 as of late 2023. However, strict requirements make halal certification challenging for many domestic companies. Certification requirements include not only halal-compliant ingredients but also ensuring that products are not transported alongside pork during distribution, according to the Japan Halal Business Association, which promotes halal practices and supports Muslims.