These countries have repeatedly raised visa fees to keep pace with inflation and currency fluctuations and to curb foreign arrivals. Japan has not raised visa fees since 1978, according to records dating back to that year. [...] The government believes that raising visa fees will not lead to a significant decrease in visitors coming to Japan. The move is also expected to help mitigate overtourism. Japan requires visas for short-term stays for travelers arriving from over 120 countries, including China and Vietnam and the Philippines. Last year, 5.24 million visas were issued to Chinese nationals, accounting for 70% of the total. The Philippines had the second-largest visa issuance at 570,000, followed by Vietnam at 320,000 visas. The top three countries alone account for nearly 90% of all visas. Short-term visa exemptions are offered under certain conditions to 74 nations and regions, including the U.S., South Korea and Australia.