Am I using 目 acceptably here?
While I could understand perfectly what you meant by 目、I think 視点 would be a better word for this.
なぜならば、僕は今では観光客の視点からではなく、完全とは言えないが、この都市の(町の・国の・地域の) 住 人としてものを見るようになったからだ。
Should I end each of these paragraphs with になった or だ?
I think it is fine the way they are.
In the above bit, as well as below, I repeatedly use 一般化 as I would use the English word generalization, but I am not at all confident that this is possible. Is it? Or is there a better way to express the idea?
Again, I could understand what you were trying to say.
In the sentence, 「日本の物事を一般化することがほとんど出来なく なった。」, the use of 一般化 is not incorrect but it sounds rather awkward. I would express the same sentiment by saying something like, 「物事を常に一般化することは出来ないということがわかった。」or 「物事を一概に言うことは出来ないとうことがわかった。」. I don't think 日本の is necessary here. What do you think?
As for 一般化 that appear in the later sentences, the word you want instead is 一般論.
I feel like maybe the second sentence here has problems, to the extent that I will give the english in case what I am trying to say is unclear: 'During my two years here, I have come to realize that a lot of the things I believed at first were not actually accurate (true).'
I agree. This is how I would translate what you have given in English.
「二年間ここで暮らすうちに、僕が日本について最初に思っていた事が必ずしも正しくはないという事がわかったからだ。」
Again scared about 一般化. Also, does tonikaku work in this type of essay or is there a better 書き言葉?
I think it'd be better if you just left it out. Although "Anyway," works perfectly in this situation in English, とにかく has an overtone of dismissing the importance of everything else other than the topic that is about to be introduced. I would not go into details here but think of とにかく as being closer to "Either way" as in "She says that his shirt is pink while he says it's Salmon.... Either way, it's crucial that we come up with a word to describe its color quickly."
Anyway, apart from the points you mentioned, there were some stuff I noticed that I think you might want to look over.
だから日本の経験について書かせられると、何を書けば いいかはもとより、どちらの目で経験を見て書くことさ え分からない。日本にきてから思い出はたくさん作った が、その漠然とした思い出を一般化して奥深い意味を持つ文章にすることは出来なくなった。
書かせられる sounds too much like you are being forced to write. 書いてほしいと言われると or even 書こうとすると might sound better.
目 issue, I have already touched on. 書けばいいのかさえ分からない or just 書けばいいのかわからない would be good. You could also do away with the second 経験 and just say, 「どちらの視点から書けばいいのか分からない。」
I am having trouble understanding the last sentence. While it is grammatically sound, its meaning is a little hard to grasp (for me anyway).
凄く変な芸能人があるテレビ番組に出るからあって、日 本のテレビは変だというものではない。ねばねばした料 理は人気だけれども、日本人は皆好きだというものでも ない。僕が信じたその一般化は観光客の目の幻だけだっ た。
This is probably a typo. 出るからあって should be でるからって. The last sentence is a bit off. How about 「僕が信じた一般論は、観光客の目に映った幻に過ぎなかった。」or 「僕が信じた一般論は、観光客の目に映ったただの幻だった。」
一般化をな るべく書かないようにしているので、僕自身の日常生活 について書いてばかりいるからだ。 しかし、その一般 化の中で一つぐらい前のままで考えていく意見がある。 僕が元々メールに書いた通り、東北弁は無理だ。
ばかり here is used to emphasize the subject matter only about which you write. 「僕自身の日常生活についてばかり書いているからだ。」would make the meaning clearer.
The last two sentences can be made to sound a bit more natural. I would say something like, 「その一般論のなかで、一つだけ僕がいまでも本当だと思っていることがある。いつか友達へのメールに書いたとおり、東北弁は無理だ。」
The very last part is great. Although ~は無理だ is not a common expression except as a slangish one used by kids, the out-of-place-ness of it makes it work as a great punch line.
One last thing. In the very first line, you used 私 instead of 僕 as you refer to yourself in the rest of the essay.
Anyway, that is my take on it. A great essay. I really enjoyed reading it.