You framed your question as "why not に" but it's not just about taking に out of the sentence. Have you considered what function から and まで have here? Is that not discussed in the book you have?
わたしは 9じから 5じまで はたらきます - a range of times. I work from (から) 9 until (まで) 5.
まいあさ わたしは 6じに おきます - a single time. I get up at six.
The same with the other. から and まで can also be used separately, not as a pair. まで is used with に together when you're talking about a range with a fixed endpoint (deadline):
11じに かえります
= be home at eleven (on the dot)
11じまでに かえります
= be home by 11 (possibly before then, 11 is the latest)