Dear native English speakers,
I have several questions to ask you about. (Does this sound right?)
Q1 Which would be used?
1a) The population of Japan is about 130 million.
1b) The Japanese population is about 130 million.
1c) Japanese population is about 130 million.
1d) The Japan's population is about 130 million.
1e) Japan's population is about 130 million.
1f) Japan has a population of about 130 million.
1g) Japan has the population of about 130 million.
Q2 Which would be used?
2a) The ages of the students range from fifteen to eighteen.
2b) The age of the students ranges from fifteen to eighteen.
2c) The students' ages range from fifteen to eighteen.
2d) The students' age ranges from fifteen to eighteen.
Q2: Honestly, I'm not entirely confident in my answer. I think 2a and 2c are the only correct ones, but I feel like I would use 2b more readily despite that.
Disagree with you on 1d - I think that one is incorrect.
In fact, b is controversial though grammatically correct.
The population of Japan is 127 million but the Japanese population is 125 million. It depends on whether you want to include foreign people or not - the Japanese government excludes all 2 million of us in population statistics.
In some countries (e.g.,. Qatar) the difference between the two measures would be very large.
Since 2003. Don't like big cities much - too many people, too noisy and long commutes - and I always avoided living anywhere near London when I was in Britain, so the answer is 'not really'.