Actually, the principal reason an article is not used in this case is because the noun is being used in the generic sense. You would also not use an article with a countable noun in this same context.
Example:
Dr. Ohsumi began studying the process in dogs.
Even though "dog" is a countable noun, it is used here in the generic sense, referring to dogs in general, rather than any specific dog or dogs, and so an article is not used. Although using "the dogs" or "some dogs" in this sentence would be grammatical (albeit slightly awkward), either of these would somewhat change the sentence meaning.
Here is one more similar example to help drive home this point:
He is afraid of clowns.
This is referring to clowns in general, not any specific clown or clowns, and so an article is not used.