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は vs が vs も

Zizka

Sempai
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14 Apr 2016
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Hello again, just like I did in the は vs が thread, I'm moving on to が vs が vs も available here.
The mistakes I want to address are:
#3, 4, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23 & 30.
upload_2018-7-12_16-41-58.png

So again, I provided the context here.
#3: あれ「が」二百円ですか?I initially put は there. I guess it was a topic refocus but come to think about, also pronouns are used, they're essentially referring to the same thing. This isn't a topic refocus since it's the same as the previous line.
I'm thinking this is a case of: "が marks the subject of a sentence when the information expressed as a subject is first introduced in a discourse. I mean it's new information about the subject.
#4: this is a pretty clear case of "also" simply by looking the translation as well as #5's answer. So 「も」. This one is ok and doesn't require any further information.
*
Next one is #12 (I've included 11 for context):
upload_2018-7-12_17-38-0.png

So #12 has three different blanks . What I'd like to put in place is some sort of protocol; a list of questions to remain methodical about picking the right particle.
(1) Answer:
① Is it a verb sentence? Yes.
② Is there a pronoun preceding the particle? No.
③ Is the sentence negative? Yes. So this could be a case of:
When "wa" marks X, the speaker usually assumes that the hearer knows what X refers to. 今日 was identified in #11 and it's again repeated in #12. I'm going to go for this for my justification.
(2) が
I'd say: Indicates the subject of an intransitive verb. The intransitive verb being 「降りる」.
(3) が
① Is it a verb sentence? No. It's an adjectivial sentence.
I think it's a case of Indicates the subject of the sentence when new, as yet unknown information is being presented.
 

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Alright so up next is #14.
upload_2018-7-12_18-50-55.png

The answers for #14 are (1) も and (2) が。There's no connection between 13 and 14. Incidentally, I would've thought that 「は」would work well as a topic refocus for (1). I had to check a couple of times the answer key to make sure the right answer was も. Tomorrow and today have nothing in common. I honestly think は is the right answer here.
Unless you consider that あした and 今日 are both time marker, then I guess you could say も? It'd be a stretch though. Maybe there's a mistake in the answer key.
(2) it's a indicates existence
 
Next up are #15 and 16
As a reminder:
#14: 今日も熱「が」あります。
#15: きのう「は」熱「が」ありますか?
There's a topic refocus from #14 to 15. So I would は for 15 to express that contrast and が to express the existence. I'm right about this one.
#16: きのう「は」熱「は」ありませんでした。
(1) For this one, I'd say: indicates that information is being presented about something that is already known or that has been identified. The fact that is was "today" was already identified in 15.
(2) For this one, I would say it's in a negative sentence, は usually indicates a comparison, emphasis or choice.
Yes!! I got this one this time.
 
Next up is #18. Here's the context:
upload_2018-7-12_19-27-6.png

#18: 海「も」青いです。
It's a simple case of indicates that two subjects are of the same kind. Easy one.
Next up is #20 & 22. Here's the context:
upload_2018-7-12_19-31-30.png

#20: 曇「も」青いですか?
Again, same reason as for 18. I got this one this time.
#22: So I'd say が for the existence of something. Also got this one right.
 

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Only #23 & 30 left.
upload_2018-7-12_19-35-25.png

#23: So for 23 it's a simple case of も meaning "also, too".
Now for the last correction of this blog entry:
upload_2018-7-12_19-36-18.png

きのう「は」西川君と前田くん「が」
(1) は: indicates a topic which is then identified and explained.
(2) が: neutral/dynamic "ga".
(3) は: I'm hesitating but I'm thinking: indicates information that is being presented about something that is already known or has been identified. The reason I hesitated is because the subject is omitted in the first sentence but I think this is the right answer.
...
And I got it again!
...
Even though I've done all corrections, I'll leave the thread around for comments about my reasoning.
Thanks for reading.
 

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